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Katharevousa ((ギリシア語:Καθαρεύουσα), (Modern Greek: /kaθaˈrevusa/, lit. "pure ()"), is a form of the Modern Greek language conceived in the early 19th century as a compromise between Ancient Greek and the Demotic Greek of the time. Originally, it was widely used both for literary and official purposes, though seldom in daily language. In the 20th century, it was increasingly adopted for official and formal purposes, until Demotic Greek became the official language of Greece in 1976 and Andreas Papandreou abolished the polytonic system of writing in 1981. Katharevousa was conceived by the intellectual and revolutionary leader Adamantios Korais. A graduate of the University of Montpellier, Korais spent most of his life as an expatriate in Paris. Being a classical scholar, he was repelled by the Byzantine and later influence on Greek society and was a fierce critic of the clergy and their alleged subservience to the Ottoman Empire.〔(Adamantios Korais, Αδελφική Διδασκαλία, pages 3sq. )〕 He held that education was a prerequisite to Greek liberation. Part of its purpose was to mediate the struggle between the "archaists" favouring full reversion to archaic forms, and the "modernists". ==History== The first known use of the term ''katharevousa'' is in a work by the Greek polymath Nikephoros Theotokis, in 1796.〔(The Phenomenon of Diglossia: Language and National Identity ), interview with Peter Mackridge〕 Katharevousa was widely used in public documents and whatsoever was conceived as work of formal activity by Greek scholars. The name ''Katharevousa'' implies a pure form of Greek as it might hypothetically have evolved from ancient Greek without external influences, while in its modern connotation the word has come to mean "formal language". In later years, Katharevousa was used for official and formal purposes (such as politics, letters, official documents, and newscasting), while Demotic Greek (δημοτική, ''dimotiki'') or popular Greek, was the daily language. This created a diglossic situation whereby most of the Greek population was excluded from the public sphere and advancement in education unless they conformed to Katharevousa. In 1976, Demotic was made the official language, and in 1981 Andreas Papandreou abolished the polytonic system of writing; by the end of the 20th century full Katharevousa in its earlier form had become obsolete. Much of the vocabulary of Katharevousa and its grammatical and syntactical rules have influenced the Demotic language, so that the project's emphasis has made an observable contribution to the language as it is used today. Modern Greek might be argued to be a combination of the original Demotic and the traditional Katharevousa as stressed in the 19th century, also with institutional input from Koine Greek. Amongst Katharevousa's later contributions is the promotion of classically based compounds to describe items and concepts that did not exist in earlier times, such as "newspaper", "police", "automobile", "airplane", "television" and many others, rather than borrowing new words directly from other languages. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Katharevousa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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